Subclass 186 Employer Nomination Scheme Visa Lawyer
Permanent employer-sponsored visa representation for skilled workers and Australian sponsors — Direct Entry and TRT streams, handled by a firm that advises both sides of the nomination.
The Subclass 186 Employer Nomination Scheme (ENS) is Australia’s primary employer-sponsored permanent residency visa. A 186 grant carries indefinite work rights, Medicare access, and the ability to sponsor family members for permanent residency in future. For the sponsoring employer, it means securing a skilled team member without the recurring cost and administrative burden of temporary visa renewals.
Most 186 grants now proceed through the Temporary Residence Transition (TRT) stream, for workers already sponsored on a 482 visa, or the Direct Entry stream, for workers recruited from overseas or from another visa type. Each stream carries different work experience, skills assessment, and evidentiary requirements — selecting the correct one is the first decision in every 186 matter.
Augustine & Co. Immigration Lawyers represents both sides of 186 matters, from Melbourne businesses nominating their first permanent hire to skilled workers transitioning from a 482 or 494 visa via TRT.
285+ 5★ Google Reviews
Fixed-Fee Representation
Employer & Applicant Representation
Melbourne CBD Based, Australia-Wide
What Is the Subclass 186 Employer Nomination Scheme Visa?
The Subclass 186 Employer Nomination Scheme visa allows an Australian employer to sponsor a skilled worker for permanent residency. Unlike a temporary work visa, the 186 is granted for an indefinite stay in Australia, with the full rights of an Australian permanent resident and no renewal requirement.
The 186 has three streams. Two are in common use — Direct Entry and Temporary Residence Transition — and one is niche.
Direct Entry Stream
For skilled workers who have not previously worked in Australia on a 482, TSS, or Skills in Demand visa. Requires 3 years of full-time work experience in the nominated occupation and a positive skills assessment. Suited to workers recruited directly from overseas, or transitioning from another Australian visa type.
Temporary Residence Transition (TRT) Stream
For workers who have held a 482 (Skills in Demand or TSS) visa — not necessarily with the current nominating employer, since work with any approved sponsor now counts. The required work period was reduced from 3 years to 2 years on 25 November 2023. TRT is the most common 186 pathway.
Labour Agreement Stream
For workers sponsored under a formal Labour Agreement between an employer and the Australian Government. Uncommon — used where the standard 186 arrangements don't fit the sponsor's needs.
186 vs 187?
Subclass 187 (Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme) has been closed to new applicants since 16 November 2019 (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026). For regional employer-sponsored PR, the current pathway is Subclass 494 (Skilled Employer Sponsored Regional Provisional) leading to Subclass 191 (Permanent Residence Skilled Regional). See our Skilled Regional Work Visas page →
A 186 visa is granted for permanent residency from the date of grant, with no renewal required. Holders receive a 5-year travel facility — the “resident return” component of the visa — after which they apply for a Resident Return Visa (155/157) to maintain travel rights while overseas.
Who Qualifies for the Subclass 186 ENS Visa?
Eligibility depends on which stream you apply under. All three streams share the same sponsor requirements, but applicant requirements differ significantly between Direct Entry and TRT.
- Operate a lawful and actively-operating Australian business
- Have a genuine need for the position being filled
- Pay the Skilling Australians Fund (SAF) levy
- Have no adverse information against the business or key personnel
- For TRT nominations: the applicant must have completed the required period — 2 years, since 25 November 2023 — of approved-sponsor employment on a 482 visa, not necessarily all with the current sponsor (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026)
- 3 years of full-time work experience in the nominated occupation
- Positive skills assessment from the relevant assessing authority for the nominated ANZSCO occupation
- Nominated occupation on the Core Skills Occupation List (CSOL) (source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026)
- English at Competent level (IELTS 6.0 in each band, or equivalent)
- Under 45 years of age at the time of application, unless an exemption applies
- Meet mandatory registration, licensing, and professional membership requirements
- Meet health, character, and identity requirements
- Have completed 2 years (reduced from 3 on 25 November 2023) of full-time work on a 482 (or transitional 457) visa — with any employer that held approved sponsorship throughout that time, not necessarily the current nominating employer (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026)
- Nominated occupation the same as, or closely related to, the 482 occupation
- English at Competent level (IELTS 6.0 in each band, or equivalent)
- Under 45 years of age at the time of application, unless an exemption applies — the TRT stream has its own set of exemptions, some shared with Direct Entry and some TRT-specific
- Meet mandatory registration, licensing, and professional membership requirements
- Meet health, character, and identity requirements
Are you 45 or older?
The age limit carries exemptions, and which ones are open to you depends on your stream. Two are available under either stream: academics nominated by an Australian university as a university lecturer or faculty head, and researchers, scientists or technical specialists nominated by a science agency or an Australian university. Under Direct Entry these also exempt you from the skills requirement. New Zealand Subclass 444 or 461 holders can use Direct Entry if they have worked two of the past three years for the nominating employer in the nominated occupation. Under Temporary Residence Transition only, exemptions cover high-income earners paid above the Fair Work High Income Threshold in two of the past three years, regional medical practitioners, and certain transitional Subclass 457 holders. Age is assessed at the date of application. We work out which exemption fits at consultation.
Direct Entry vs Temporary Residence Transition: Which Stream Applies?
Stream selection is the single most important decision in a 186 application. Direct Entry and TRT differ in eligibility rules, work experience thresholds, skills assessment requirements, and evidentiary burden. Choosing the wrong stream can add years to a PR timeline.
| Criterion | Direct Entry Stream | Temporary Residence Transition |
|---|---|---|
| Prior Australian work required | No | Yes — two years in the nominated occupation, employed by an approved work sponsor |
| Required work period with nominator | Not applicable | 2 years, reduced from 3 on 25 November 2023 (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026) |
| Skills assessment required | Yes | Not required |
| Occupation list | Must be on the Core Skills Occupation List (CSOL) (source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026) | No occupation list requirement — confirmed. Just needs to be the same or closely related to the 482 occupation (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026) |
| English requirement | Competent (IELTS 6.0 each band) | Competent (IELTS 6.0 each band) |
| Age limit | Under 45, with limited exemptions available (academic, research, NZ 444/461) | Under 45, with exemptions available (academic, research, high-income, regional medical, transitional 457) |
| Processing time | 10 months (50%), 14 months (90%) | 11 months (50%), 15 months (90%) |
| Nominator can be | Any eligible Australian business | Your most recent sponsoring employer |
Choose Direct Entry if: you are being recruited from overseas, from an Australian visa other than 482 (student, working holiday, or partner visa, for example), or your employer is not the business that sponsored your 482.
Choose TRT if: you have completed the required work period on a 482 visa with an approved sponsor — it no longer needs to be continuously with the business now nominating you. TRT is generally faster and less document-intensive than Direct Entry, because skills are already validated through the 482.
Three reform dates reshaped TRT eligibility
- 25 November 2023: TRT work period reduced from 3 years to 2; short-term list (STSOL) holders gained TRT access; the age exemption qualifying period also dropped to 2 years
- 7 December 2024: renamed to Skills in Demand with the new Core Skills Occupation List (CSOL); all periods of genuinely sponsored work began counting toward the 2 years, not just work with the current nominating employer
- 29 November 2025: tightened so a period only counts if the employer held approved sponsorship for the whole of it
Read Calvin’s detailed analysis: Subclass 186 Employer Nomination 2026 →
Subclass 186 ENS Visa Costs (2026)
A 186 matter carries three categories of cost: the nomination fee (employer), the Skilling Australians Fund (SAF) levy (employer, one-off for permanent visas), and the visa application fee (applicant).
Employer-Side Fees (paid by sponsor)
- Nomination application AUD 540
Paid directly to the Department of Home Affairs. Confirmed (source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
- SAF Levy — small business (under $10M turnover) AUD 3,000
One-off payment per nomination. Confirmed (source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
- SAF Levy — large business ($10M+ turnover) AUD 5,000
One-off payment per nomination. Confirmed (source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
Note: unlike the 482 SAF Levy, which is charged per year of nomination, the 186 SAF Levy is a single one-off payment per nomination.
Applicant-Side Fees (paid by visa applicant)
- Main applicant AUD 6,140
Source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au fees and charges page, checked 26 Aug 2026 — rose from $4,770 on 1 July 2026.
- Secondary applicant (18+) AUD 3,070
(source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026) — rose from $2,385 on 1 July 2026.
- Secondary applicant (under 18) AUD 1,535
(source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026) — rose from $1,190 on 1 July 2026.
Second Instalment — Not Assessed as Having Functional English
A second instalment of the visa application charge applies to any applicant aged 18 or over who is not assessed as having functional English, payable before grant:
- Primary applicant AUD 9,800
Source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026.
- Each adult family member (18+) AUD 4,890
Source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026.
In practice, this most often affects the partner rather than the primary applicant — the primary applicant on a 186 normally meets the higher Competent English standard already, as a condition of the visa itself, so the second instalment tends to land on a family member who hasn’t needed to demonstrate English to the same level.
Augustine & Co. Immigration Lawyers Legal Representation Fees
We offer fixed-fee representation for 186 matters, quoted at your initial consultation with no hidden costs. Fees vary by complexity:
- Standard TRT application (existing 482 sponsor, straightforward transition): fixed-fee, quoted at consultation
- Direct Entry application (skills assessment required, more evidence-intensive): higher fixed-fee
- Age exemption applications (over-45 applicants seeking a high-income or academic exemption): higher fixed-fee, given submission complexity
- First-time sponsor + nomination + application (three-stage matter for new sponsors): higher fixed-fee
Additional Costs to Plan For
- Skills assessment (Direct Entry only; varies by assessing authority, typically $500 to $3,000)
- Medical examinations (from approximately $400 per adult)
- Police clearances (varies by country)
- English language test (IELTS approximately $410, if not exempt)
Total government fees
Small business nominating one applicant with no dependants — approximately $9,680 (nomination $540 + SAF levy $3,000 + visa application $6,140). This covers government charges only. Our legal fees are quoted as a fixed fee at consultation.
Subclass 186 ENS Processing Times
Processing time for a 186 visa depends on the stream, the completeness of the application at lodgement, and current Ministerial Direction priorities.
| Stream | 50% Decided Within | 90% Decided Within |
|---|---|---|
| Direct Entry Stream | 10 months | 14 months |
| Temporary Residence Transition Stream | 11 months | 15 months |
| Labour Agreement Stream | 8 months | 10 months |
Figures: Department of Home Affairs global visa processing times, last updated 4 Aug 2026, checked 26 Aug 2026. Home Affairs updates this data monthly, and the skilled queue was reprioritised on 25 July 2026 under Ministerial Direction 119.
Processing time is affected by:
- Whether nomination and visa application are lodged together (recommended)
- Whether the skills assessment (Direct Entry) is completed at lodgement
- Whether the applicant’s police checks and medicals are current at lodgement
- Current Ministerial Direction 119, effective 25 July 2026, which determines processing order (not eligibility rules) and now covers the 186 for the first time — Direction 117 is the family visa direction and Direction 120 covers the National Innovation visa, neither applies here (source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026)
- Country of origin (character-check timelines vary)
After grant: the path to citizenship
Once a 186 visa is granted, the holder becomes an Australian permanent resident from the date of grant. Australian citizenship can then be applied for after meeting the residence requirement — 4 years of lawful residence on a valid visa immediately before applying, including the last 12 months as a permanent resident, with absences capped at 12 months total over the 4 years and 90 days in the final year (source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au Residence Calculator, checked 26 Aug 2026).
From 482 to 186 Permanent Residency: The TRT Pathway
For most employer-sponsored workers in Australia, the pathway to permanent residency runs through the 482 Skills in Demand visa into the 186 TRT stream. Three separate reform dates changed how this pathway works — 25 November 2023, 7 December 2024, and 29 November 2025 — and it’s easy to mix them up, since they touch related rules in quick succession. Each is set out separately below.
What Changed on 25 November 2023
TRT work period reduced from 3 to 2 years
Previously, TRT applicants needed 3 years of full-time employment on a 482 (or transitional 457) visa. From 25 November 2023, this dropped to 2 years — cutting typical PR timelines by 12 months (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
Short-term list holders gained access to TRT
Previously, only Medium and Long-Term Strategic Skills List (MLTSSL) 482 holders could transition via TRT. Short-Term Skilled Occupation List (STSOL) holders were locked out and needed to use Direct Entry, with its skills assessment burden. From 25 November 2023, STSOL holders became eligible for TRT too (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
482 onshore renewal cap removed
482 holders on the (then) short-term stream previously faced a cap on how many times they could renew onshore. That cap was removed from 25 November 2023, allowing indefinite onshore renewal while a worker builds toward TRT eligibility (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
Age exemption period also reduced to 2 years
The high-income and regional medical practitioner age exemptions for applicants 45+ were reduced from a 3-year to a 2-year qualifying period at the same time (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
What Changed on 7 December 2024
Renamed to Skills in Demand, new occupation list
The 482 was renamed from Temporary Skill Shortage (TSS) to Skills in Demand, and the Core Skills Occupation List (CSOL) replaced the old MLTSSL/STSOL structure (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
All periods of sponsored work now count toward the two years
Previously, only work with the specific employer nominating the TRT application counted. From 7 December 2024, all periods of genuinely sponsored full-time work in the relevant occupation count toward the 2-year requirement — including work with a previous sponsor. Changing sponsors during the 482 period does not restart the clock; time already accrued carries over (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
What Changed on 29 November 2025 — Work Must Be With an Approved Sponsor Throughout
The Migration Amendment (Skilled Visa Reform Technical Measures) Regulations 2025 tightened the December 2024 rule above. All periods of sponsored work still count toward the 2 years — that has not changed — but from 29 November 2025, a period only counts if the employer held active, approved sponsorship (a valid Standard Business Sponsorship or Labour Agreement) for the whole of that period (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
The requirement appears in subclauses 186.227(1) and (2) of Schedule 2 to the Migration Regulations 1994, and applies to Subclass 186 applications made on or after 29 November 2025. Applications lodged before that date are assessed under the previous rule (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026).
This specifically catches workers whose employer’s SBS approval lapsed at some point while they were employed there — even if the work itself was genuine, full-time, and in the correct occupation, that period will not count toward TRT eligibility unless the employer’s sponsorship was current throughout. This change applies to the TRT stream only; it has no effect on Direct Entry.
Practical implication for sponsors
An SBS approval that lapses, even briefly, can silently break a worker’s TRT eligibility for the period it was lapsed. We advise sponsors to track SBS renewal dates as a standing compliance item, not just a one-off application.
In practice, these three reform dates together mean a worker sponsored on a 482 visa since roughly December 2023 may now be TRT-eligible earlier than expected — provided their sponsor’s approval was continuous throughout. We assess each client’s specific case timeline, including any sponsorship gaps, at consultation.
Currently on a 482?
Book a strategic consultation. We will map your specific PR timeline against the current TRT rules — including your sponsor’s approval history — identify the earliest lodgement date, and flag any risks — age, occupation, income, or a sponsorship gap — that could affect your eligibility.
Complex Subclass 186 ENS Cases
A standard 186 application — an established sponsor with a straightforward applicant — is usually efficient. The matters below are where they aren’t.
The barrier, and the exceptions. The 186 generally requires the applicant to be under 45. But the age requirement carries a defined set of exemptions, and a strong exemption argument can open permanent residency to an applicant who assumed the door was closed on age alone.
Which exemptions actually apply. Two categories are available under either stream: academics nominated as a university lecturer or faculty head, and researchers or technical specialists nominated by a science agency or university — under Direct Entry these also waive the skills requirement. New Zealand Subclass 444/461 holders have a Direct-Entry-specific exemption. High-income earners, regional medical practitioners, and certain transitional 457 holders have an exemption available under TRT only. Getting the stream and the category matched correctly is easy to get wrong and expensive to get wrong — and for the high-income threshold, each qualifying year is measured against the threshold as it stood at the end of that year, not the current figure.
How we approach it. We assess age-exemption eligibility against the correct stream and the current threshold at the first consultation, and we prepare the exemption submission with the specific evidence each category demands — rather than lodging in hope.
Where Direct Entry gets hard. The Direct Entry stream requires a positive skills assessment from the relevant assessing authority for the nominated occupation. An adverse or borderline assessment can stall the whole application before the nomination is even lodged.
Why assessments come back adverse. The usual causes are the wrong ANZSCO code, work-experience documentation that doesn’t satisfy the authority’s format, and qualifications that require additional recognition. These are frequently fixable — but the strategy has to be settled before the assessment is submitted, because a negative outcome on the record complicates everything that follows.
How we approach it. We assess occupation and evidence against the specific assessing authority’s requirements before submission, and where an assessment has already come back adverse, we advise on review, re-assessment, or whether the Temporary Residence Transition stream avoids the issue entirely.
Short-term list (STSOL) holders gained access to TRT on 25 November 2023, and the occupation-list framework itself changed to the Core Skills Occupation List (CSOL) on 7 December 2024 — two separate changes that are easy to conflate (source: legislation.gov.au, checked 26 Aug 2026). We navigate the transitional provisions for workers whose 482 was granted under the old list structure.
A recent change that catches employers out. The Temporary Residence Transition stream lets a 482 holder move to permanent residency after the required period of sponsored employment. Since late 2025, that employment only counts toward the required period where the employer held approved sponsor or labour agreement status for its full duration.
Why this matters more than it sounds. A sponsorship approval that lapses — even briefly, even where the business simply forgot to renew — can mean a period of the worker’s employment no longer counts toward their permanent residency. A worker who believed they were months from PR can find the clock has effectively been reset for the lapsed period. It is a trap that sits on the employer’s side of the relationship, and the worker often has no idea until it surfaces.
How we approach it. We track sponsorship validity against the worker’s qualifying period, flag renewals before they lapse, and structure the pathway so a preventable gap does not cost the applicant their eligibility.
A 186 application with a prior refusal history requires a deliberate strategy to address the reasons for the earlier refusal and to avoid Section 48 bar issues.
When the business itself is the complication. A 186 matter can be sound on the applicant’s side and still fail on the nomination — because the nominated position isn’t made out, or because the business is sold, restructured, or enters administration while the nomination is pending. In those situations the nomination may lapse or its treatment may depend on the structure of the transaction.
What is at stake. For the applicant, a nomination refusal or a lapsed nomination can undo years of work toward permanent residency. Where a nomination is refused, there is a short statutory window to seek merits review at the Administrative Review Tribunal. It runs from the date the decision is notified, is fixed by regulation rather than by the Tribunal’s discretion, and cannot be extended — the refusal notice itself states the deadline that applies. The position description, genuine-need case, and business evidence all come back into play.
How we approach it. We prepare nominations to withstand scrutiny in the first place, advise on transaction structures that preserve a pending nomination where a business is changing hands, and act promptly on nomination-refusal reviews within the review deadline.
Employer obligations continue after a 186 grant, including record-keeping and certain notification requirements. We advise on ongoing compliance to protect future sponsorship approvals.
How We Handle Your Subclass 186 ENS Matter
Our 186 process runs employer-side and applicant-side work in parallel — coordinated specifically to compress the PR timeline, not just to keep both sides moving.
Step 1: Strategic consultation (60 minutes)
We assess sponsor eligibility, stream selection (Direct Entry vs TRT), applicant qualifications, work experience alignment, age exemption applicability (if 45+), and skills assessment strategy (Direct Entry), and flag any complications early. You leave the consult with a clear pathway, timeline, and fixed-fee cost.
Step 2: Skills assessment coordination (Direct Entry only)
We coordinate with the relevant assessing authority for the nominated ANZSCO occupation, prepare qualification and experience documentation, and manage the assessment process through to a positive outcome.
Step 3: Nomination preparation and lodgement
We prepare the nomination with a defensible position description, business justification, and SAF levy payment. For TRT nominations, we document the applicant's 482 work history with the sponsor.
Step 4: Visa application preparation and lodgement
We prepare the applicant's application, including credentials, English test results, work experience letters (Direct Entry) or 482 employment records (TRT), health and character documentation, and dependent family evidence.
Step 5: Post-lodgement management through to grant
We monitor the application, respond to Departmental requests within their deadlines, coordinate additional evidence, and advise on activation logistics through to visa grant.
Situations We See
The scenarios below are illustrative composites, not accounts of individual client matters. They are drawn from the issues these applications turn on in practice, and they show how we approach them.
The situation. A worker has been sponsored on a 482 for just over two years, the last eighteen months with her current employer and the eight months before that with a previous sponsor after the first business restructured. She assumes the clock restarted when she changed employers.
Why that assumption is wrong. Since December 2024, sponsored work does not have to be with a single employer. Periods with previous sponsors count toward the two years, provided each employer held approved sponsorship for the whole of the period being relied on — a requirement tightened on 29 November 2025. The nominating employer must be the worker’s most recent sponsor, but the earlier time is not lost.
How we approach it. We map the employment history against sponsorship approval dates, not just against payslips, because the two do not always align. That analysis establishes the earliest date a TRT nomination can be lodged — which in cases like this is often materially earlier than the client expects.
Where it lands. Workers who believe they are twelve months from eligibility are sometimes eligible now. The calculation is worth doing properly rather than assuming.
The situation. A researcher aged 48 is told by a colleague that permanent residency through employer sponsorship is not available to him because of his age.
What the age rule actually does. The 186 generally requires the applicant to be under 45 at the time of application, but the requirement carries a defined set of exemptions. Two are available under either stream — academics nominated by an Australian university as a university lecturer or faculty head, and researchers, scientists or technical specialists nominated by a science agency or university. Under Direct Entry those categories also waive the skills assessment requirement. Others, including the high-income exemption and the regional medical practitioner exemption, are available only under Temporary Residence Transition.
How we approach it. The critical step is matching the category to the correct stream, because getting that pairing wrong is both easy and expensive. We assess exemption eligibility at the first consultation and prepare the submission with the specific evidence each category requires. Where the high-income exemption is in play, each qualifying year is measured against the threshold as it stood at the end of that year, not against the current figure — a detail that decides eligibility more often than it should.
Where it lands. An applicant who assumed the pathway was closed on age alone may have a straightforward route through an exemption — provided the argument is built for the right stream.
The situation. A worker approaching TRT eligibility discovers that his employer’s Standard Business Sponsorship lapsed for four months eighteen months ago, before being renewed. Nobody noticed at the time; the employment continued unchanged throughout.
Why this matters more than it sounds. Since 29 November 2025, a period of employment only counts toward the TRT requirement where the employer held approved sponsor or labour agreement status for the whole of it. Genuine, full-time work in the correct occupation does not count if the sponsorship was not current. A worker who believed he was months from permanent residency can find that part of his qualifying period has effectively been lost. The trap sits entirely on the employer’s side of the relationship, and the worker usually has no idea until it surfaces.
How we approach it. We track sponsorship validity against the worker’s qualifying period rather than assuming continuity, identify precisely which periods count, and recalculate the earliest lodgement date. For employers, we flag renewal dates as a standing compliance item so the problem does not recur across a workforce.
Where it lands. The change applies only to applications lodged on or after 29 November 2025, so timing and transitional position both matter. This is a calculation to do before lodging, not after a refusal.
The situation. A nomination is lodged and pending when the sponsoring business is sold. The applicant has been working toward permanent residency for years and now faces losing the nomination entirely through no fault of her own.
What is at stake. A 186 matter can be sound on the applicant’s side and still fail on the nomination — because the nominated position is no longer made out, or because the business is sold, restructured or enters administration while the nomination is pending. Whether a pending nomination survives can depend on how the transaction is structured, which is a question that is much easier to influence before completion than after.
How we approach it. Where we are involved early, we advise on transaction structures that preserve a pending nomination. Where a nomination has already been refused, there is a short statutory window to seek merits review at the Administrative Review Tribunal — fixed by regulation, running from the date of notification, and not extendable. The position description, genuine-need case and business evidence all come back into play on review.
Where it lands. Nomination failures caused by business change are among the most preventable outcomes in employer-sponsored work, and among the most damaging when they are not anticipated.
Meet Your 186 ENS Visa Lawyer

Calvin J. Augustine, Principal Lawyer & Founder
Calvin Augustine is the founding solicitor of Augustine & Co. Immigration Lawyers. He has personally overseen hundreds of employer-sponsored permanent residency applications across the Subclass 186 Direct Entry and Temporary Residence Transition streams, including age exemption matters and nomination refusal appeals.
He holds an LL.B (Hons) from the University of London, completed his Australian law bridging units at Deakin University, and is admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of South Australia — appearing in all Victorian Courts and Tribunals at trial and appellate level — the High Court of Australia, and the High Court of Malaya.
- LL.B (Hons), University of London
- Australian Law (bridging units), Deakin University
- Admitted: Supreme Court of South Australia, appears in all Victorian Courts and Tribunals
- Admitted: High Court of Australia
- Admitted: High Court of Malaya (Malaysia)
- Legal Practitioner No.: 5512183
- Member: Law Institute of Victoria (LIV)
- Member: Migration Institute of Australia (MIA)
Subclass 186 ENS Visa, Frequently Asked Questions
Direct Entry: 10 months for 50% of decisions, 14 months for 90%. TRT: 11 months for 50%, 15 months for 90% (source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au global processing times, last updated 4 Aug 2026, checked 26 Aug 2026). Timelines are heavily affected by lodgement quality, skills assessment status, and current Ministerial Direction priorities.
Direct Entry requires 3 years of work experience and a positive skills assessment, and can be used by workers coming from any visa type. TRT requires 2 years of sponsored work on a 482 visa — reduced from 3 years on 25 November 2023 — and no skills assessment. That work no longer needs to be all with the same employer, provided each employer held approved sponsorship throughout.
Total government fees: small business nominating one applicant with no dependants — approximately $9,680 (nomination $540 + SAF levy $3,000 + visa application $6,140). This covers government charges only; our legal fees are quoted as a fixed fee at consultation. Medical checks, police checks, and a skills assessment for Direct Entry add further cost on top of the government fees.
Yes, under either stream. Direct Entry is open to applicants onshore and offshore. Temporary Residence Transition can also be lodged from inside or outside Australia. If you are offshore when the visa is granted, your permanent residence begins on the day you next enter Australia.
Yes. A spouse or de facto partner and dependent children can be included as secondary applicants. Family members granted a 186 secondary visa receive permanent residency at the same time as the primary applicant.
The age limit carries exemptions, and which ones are open to you depends on your stream. Two are available under either stream: academics nominated by an Australian university as a university lecturer or faculty head, and researchers, scientists or technical specialists nominated by a science agency or an Australian university — under Direct Entry these also exempt you from the skills requirement. New Zealand Subclass 444 or 461 holders can use Direct Entry if they have worked two of the past three years for the nominating employer in the nominated occupation. Under Temporary Residence Transition only, exemptions cover high-income earners paid above the Fair Work High Income Threshold in two of the past three years, regional medical practitioners, and certain transitional Subclass 457 holders. For the high-income exemption, each year is measured against the threshold as it stood at the end of that year, not today’s figure — so the current $190,100 doesn’t apply retrospectively to earlier years. Age is assessed at the date of application. We work out which exemption fits at consultation.
2 years of full-time employment on a 482 (or transitional 457) visa — reduced from 3 years on 25 November 2023. Since 7 December 2024, that work does not need to be all with your current employer; since 29 November 2025, each employer relied on must have held approved sponsorship for the whole period the work was done.
Yes — since 7 December 2024, all periods of genuinely sponsored full-time work in the relevant occupation count, not just work with your current employer. The one condition: each employer must have held approved sponsorship for the whole of the period being counted, a rule tightened on 29 November 2025. Time on a student, working holiday, or bridging visa does not count toward the 2 years.
If a nomination is refused, the sponsoring business may be able to apply to the Administrative Review Tribunal for merits review of the decision. The time limit is set by regulation, runs from the date the refusal is notified, and cannot be extended by the Tribunal — if it passes, the review right is lost. The applicable period depends on the type of decision and is stated in the refusal notice. We read that notice the day it arrives and lodge within the window.
After 4 years of lawful residence in Australia on a valid visa, including the last 12 months as a permanent resident, subject to the absence caps (12 months total over the 4 years, 90 days in the final year) and character requirements (source: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au Residence Calculator, checked 26 Aug 2026). Time on a 482 visa counts toward the 4 years.
Book Your Subclass 186 ENS Consultation
Whether you’re an Australian employer nominating a worker for permanent residency, or a skilled worker transitioning from a 482 visa to PR, our consultation gives you a clear plan. Book online, or call our Melbourne office.
Visit
Level 11/456 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne VIC 3000
Call
+61 3 7020 6514
Hours
Mon to Fri, 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM (by appointment)
This page provides general information about the Subclass 186 visa and does not constitute legal or migration advice. Immigration law, visa criteria, fees and processing times change frequently, and the way the law applies depends entirely on your individual circumstances. Nothing on this page should be relied on as advice for your situation, and reading it does not create a lawyer–client relationship. Before you lodge an application or make a decision that affects your visa status, obtain advice specific to your circumstances from a qualified Australian legal practitioner. Augustine & Co. Immigration Lawyers is an incorporated legal practice; our lawyers are admitted in Australia and entitled to provide immigration legal assistance. Last reviewed: 26 Aug 2026.
